CPR FOR ADULTS CPR or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation is an important link in the chain of survival for a victim of sudden cardiac or respiratory arrest alive and to prevent brain damage while more advanced medical help is on the way. CPR has 2 goals :-   Keep blood flowing throughout the body.   Keep air flowing in and out of the lungs. CPR is a simple technique that requires little or no equipment. What you do is pretty basic :-   Blow forcefully into the victim's mouth to push oxygenated air into the lungs. This allows oxygen to diffuse through     the lining of the lungs into the bloodstream.   Compress the victim's chest to artificially re-create blood circulation. Sudden cardiac arrest is the leading cause of death in adults. Most arrests occur in person with underlying heart disease. CPR doubles a person's chance of survival from sudden cardiac arrest. 75% of sudden cardiac arrests happen in people's home. The typical victim of cardiac arrest is a man in the early 60's and a woman in the late 60's. Cardiac arrest occur twice as frequently in men compared to women. A-AIRWAY   Check for unresponsiveness. Shake victim at the shoulder and shout "are you okay?".   Place victim flat on his/her back on a hard surface.   If no response, call emergency medical services (999 or 991)   Use 'head tilt and chin lift' technique - open victim's airway by tilting their head back with one hand while lifting up     their chin with your other hand. B-BREATHING   Position your cheek close to victim's nose and mouth, look toward victim's chest.   Look, listen and feel for breathing for 5 to 10 second.   If not breathing, pinch victim's nose closed and give 2 full breaths into victim's mouth for 2 seconds for each blow. C-CIRCULATION   If the victims is still not breathing normally, coughing or moving, begin chest compressions.   Push down on the chest 1½ to 2 inches for 15 times right between the nipples. Pump at the rate of 80 to 100     times per minute.   Continue with 2 breath and 15 pumps until help arrives. NOTE This ratio is the same for one-person and two-person CPR method. In two-person CPR method, the person pumping the chest stops while the other gives mouth-to-mouth breathing. CPR FOR CHILDREN (AGES 1 - 8) CPR for children is similar to performing CPR for adults. There are, however, 3 differences :-   If you are alone with the child, give 2 minutes of CPR before calling for an ambulance.   Use the heel of one hand for chest compressions.   Press the sternum down 1 to 1½ inches. Basic steps to perform CPR for children (Ages 1 - 8)   Check the victim for unresponsiveness.   Tilt the head back and listen for breathing. If not breathing normally, give 2 rescue breaths. Each breath should     take 1 second.   If the victim is still not breathing normally, coughing or moving, begin chest compressions. Push down on the chest     1½ to 2 inches 30 times right between the nipples. Pump at the rate of 100/minute, faster than once per second.   Continue with 2 breaths and 30 pumps until help arrives. CPR FOR INFANT (AGES LESS 1)   Shout and gently tap the child on the shoulder. If there is no response, position the infant on his or her back.   Open the airway using a head tilt lifting of chin. Do not tilt the head too far back.   Give 2 gentle breaths if the baby is NOT breathing. Cover the baby's mouth and nose with your mouth. Each breath     should be 1.5 to 2 seconds long.   Check the baby's chest rise with each breath.   Give 30 gentle chest compressions at rate of 100 per minute. Position your third and fourth fingers in the center of     the chest half an inch below the nipples. Press down only ½ to 1 inches.   Repeat with 2 breath and 30 compressions. After 2 minute of repeated cycles call an ambulance (999 or 991) and     continue giving breaths and compressions. Emergency treatment for a choking conscious infant (Aged less than 1 years old).   Determine if the infant can cry or cough.   If not, give 5 back blows.   Then give 5 chest thrusts.   Repeat giving 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts.   If the infants becomes unconscious perform CPR. Check for foreign object in the throat or mouth (Do not perform     finger sweep). Remove if you see it. Emergency treatment for a choking conscious children (Aged 1 - 8 years old)   Determine if the child can speak or cough.   If not, perform an abdominal thrust (Heimlich Manoeuvre) repeatedly until the foreign body is expelled.   A chest thrust may be used for markedly obese childrens.   If the child becomes unconscious perform CPR. Check for foreign object in the throat or mouth (Do not perform     finger sweep). Remove if you see it.